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SAPPHIRE - SAPPHIRE - of corundum

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Strictly speaking the term should be applied sapphire only the blue-blue variety of corundum, but usually they are called sapphire corundum of all colors other than red. Sapphire is found generally in alluvial deposits.
Main place of origin are those of Australia, Sri Lanka, Burma and Thailand.
Sapphires are the exceptional size of 563-carat Star of India (Museum of Natural History in New York) and the 330-carat Star of Asia (Smithsonian Institution in Washington.
The most popular cut for the transparent sapphire is faceted oval or round, but you may also find cuts to the heart, a baguette or shuttles.
The crystals are mostly bipyramid or prismaticobipiramidi. stubby prisms terminated by a large pinacoide damage to the sapphire a discoid appearance.
The mineral shows polysynthetic twinning, rarely noticeable to the naked eye, and when this is possible you can see thick strips and placed side by side with precise geometric orientation.
Sapphire is the only natural substance hardness of 9 and can only be scratched with the diamond, which is even harder. Often it is fluorescent under ultraviolet light.
The sapphire is a mineral of metamorphic rocks, but is also in rocks formed by the consolidation of deep magma poor in silica.

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AQUAMARINE - Variety beryl

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The chemical composition of this mineral, one of the most important in terms of gem can also appear sodium, lithium, calcium, cesium, rubidium, scandium, fluorine and hydroxyl.
The crystal habit is prismatic, often irregularly truncated ends or limited by other crystallographic faces.
in nature is present in all shades of green-blue to the blue more intense.
It has vitreous luster and crystallizes in hexagonal prisms elongated.
The raw aquamarine sometimes has inclusions typical is the case of thin cavities, filled with clear liquid and a gas bubble, called the tier.
This is a typical mineral of pegmatites and is present in Brazil, Madagascar and in small crystals, the island of Elba.
cut more used to this gem is rectangular steps.

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